The Golden Court of Thailand, a dazzling spectacle of power and artistry, beckoned with a rich tapestry of history. From the intricate ceremonies that marked royal life to the magnificent architecture and artistic expressions, this period shaped the very soul of Thailand. This journey delves into the opulent world of the Thai royal court, exploring its evolution, traditions, and lasting legacy.
This exploration unveils the meticulous daily lives of the court’s inhabitants, from royalty to servants, highlighting the intricate social hierarchies and etiquette that governed their interactions. We will examine the significant artistic achievements, including paintings, sculptures, and literature, understanding their role in conveying power and status within the court. Furthermore, we will delve into the interactions with neighboring cultures, tracing the exchange of ideas, goods, and technologies.
This comprehensive overview provides a glimpse into the fascinating world of the Golden Court.
Historical Context of the Golden Court of Thailand
The Golden Court of Thailand, a period of immense cultural and political significance, witnessed the flourishing of art, architecture, and societal structures. From humble beginnings to powerful empires, the court’s influence reverberated throughout the region, leaving an indelible mark on Thai history. This period saw the rise and fall of dynasties, the establishment of sophisticated administrative systems, and the development of a rich artistic tradition.The Golden Court’s history encompasses centuries of evolving power dynamics, showcasing the adaptability and resilience of the Thai people.
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The court’s development was intricately linked to the country’s geographic location, its interactions with neighboring kingdoms, and the shifting balance of power in Southeast Asia.
Evolution of the Golden Court
The Golden Court’s evolution is a fascinating journey through time, reflecting the ebb and flow of political influence and artistic expression. Different periods saw distinct architectural styles, artistic traditions, and societal norms. The court’s power and influence fluctuated with changing alliances, internal conflicts, and external pressures.
| Period | Rulers | Significant Events |
|---|---|---|
| Sukhothai Kingdom (circa 1238-1438) | King Ramkhamhaeng, King Lithai | Establishment of the first unified Thai kingdom, known for its advancements in law, administration, and trade. Development of the Sukhothai style of architecture, exemplified by Wat Yai Chaimongkol, and the rise of a unique artistic tradition. |
| Ayutthaya Kingdom (1350-1767) | King U Thong, King Narai | Expansion of the kingdom’s influence, becoming a major regional power. The city of Ayutthaya flourished as a center of trade and diplomacy, leading to the development of distinctive Ayutthaya architectural styles. Notable advancements in artistic expression, including intricate murals and elaborate sculptures. |
| Thonburi Kingdom (1767-1782) | King Taksin | Re-establishment of Thai sovereignty after the fall of Ayutthaya. Focus on rebuilding the nation and restoring the prestige of the court. |
| Chakri Dynasty (1782-Present) | King Rama I, King Rama X | Establishment of Bangkok as the capital and the beginning of the modern Thai nation. The Chakri dynasty brought stability and modernization, with continued advancements in architecture and artistic expression. |
Key Figures and Events
The Golden Court was shaped by a series of influential rulers and pivotal events. These figures and events directly impacted the court’s power, influence, and lasting legacy.
- King Ramkhamhaeng: Known for his legal reforms and promotion of trade, King Ramkhamhaeng played a crucial role in establishing the Sukhothai Kingdom’s foundations.
- King Narai: Under his reign, the Ayutthaya Kingdom reached its zenith, fostering diplomatic relations and expanding its trade networks. His leadership and administrative reforms significantly shaped the court’s influence in the region.
- King Taksin: His leadership in rebuilding the nation after the fall of Ayutthaya was instrumental in restoring the kingdom’s position and prestige.
- King Rama I: The founding monarch of the Chakri Dynasty, King Rama I laid the groundwork for the modern Thai nation by establishing Bangkok as the capital. His reign marked a significant shift in the political landscape and laid the foundation for the continued prosperity of the kingdom.
Societal and Cultural Impacts
The Golden Court profoundly impacted Thai society and culture. The court’s influence permeated every aspect of daily life, shaping traditions, beliefs, and artistic expressions.
- Religious Influence: Buddhism played a central role in the Golden Court’s cultural and political landscape. Monasteries and temples served as centers of learning and religious practice, deeply influencing the lives of the people.
- Architectural Styles: Distinct architectural styles emerged in each period, reflecting the artistic tastes and technological capabilities of the time. These styles, such as the Sukhothai, Ayutthaya, and Chakri styles, continue to be admired and studied today.
- Artistic Traditions: Intricate murals, sculptures, and other forms of art flourished during the Golden Court’s reign. These artistic traditions, showcasing the court’s patronage and the artistic skill of its artisans, are vital elements of Thai cultural heritage.
Architectural Styles and Artistic Traditions
The Golden Court’s architectural and artistic expressions offer a glimpse into the cultural values and technological advancements of the time.
- Sukhothai Style: Characterized by its ornate temples, such as Wat Yai Chaimongkol, the Sukhothai style reflected the kingdom’s emphasis on religious practice and artistic innovation. Its elegant lines and intricate details showcase a sophisticated understanding of architectural design.
- Ayutthaya Style: Known for its elaborate temples and palaces, the Ayutthaya style displayed the kingdom’s wealth and power. The impressive scale and ornate details of these structures highlight the era’s artistic mastery and technical prowess.
- Chakri Style: Evolving from previous styles, the Chakri style incorporated elements of European architecture while maintaining traditional Thai aesthetic elements. The use of more modern materials and techniques further showcased the kingdom’s adaptability and willingness to incorporate new influences into its artistic expression.
Royal Ceremonies and Traditions: The Golden Court Of Thailand
The Golden Court of Thailand, a vibrant tapestry of power and tradition, was woven through meticulously crafted ceremonies and rituals. These weren’t merely displays of pomp; they were deeply ingrained in Thai culture, reflecting the profound respect for the monarchy and the intricate beliefs that shaped the society. From the elaborate coronations to the intimate rites of passage, each ceremony held a unique significance, cementing the monarch’s role as a spiritual and temporal leader.These rituals, carefully choreographed and meticulously executed, served as a visual representation of the intricate societal order and the sacred relationship between the king, the people, and the divine.
They communicated profound messages, reinforced societal norms, and, most importantly, showcased the immense wealth, power, and cultural sophistication of the kingdom.
Elaborate Royal Ceremonies
The ceremonies of the Golden Court were a spectacle of meticulous planning and execution, showcasing the kingdom’s wealth and the deep-seated respect for the monarchy. These ceremonies were more than just displays of pomp; they were deeply symbolic acts, connecting the earthly realm to the divine.
Examples of Royal Ceremonies
- Coronations: A coronation was a pivotal moment, signifying the transition of power and the beginning of a new reign. The elaborate rituals, involving elaborate processions, intricate costumes, and sacred objects, underscored the profound religious significance of the event. The coronation ceremony validated the monarch’s divine right to rule and served as a profound demonstration of the monarch’s spiritual authority.
- Royal Weddings: Royal weddings were not simply marital unions; they were significant state affairs. They showcased the kingdom’s prestige, affirmed alliances, and introduced the royal family to the populace. The lavish celebrations, often involving elaborate processions, gifts, and religious ceremonies, reinforced the royal family’s central position in Thai society.
- Royal Birthdays: Royal birthdays were occasions for public displays of reverence and celebration. The festivities, ranging from elaborate processions to community-wide celebrations, served as a testament to the people’s devotion to the monarchy and reaffirmed the monarch’s connection to the people.
A Visual Representation of a Court Ceremony
Imagine a vast courtyard, bathed in the golden light of the setting sun. Rows of elaborately dressed courtiers stand in perfect alignment, their garments shimmering with intricate embroidery and precious stones. The air is thick with the scent of incense and the rhythmic chanting of monks. In the center, the king, adorned in a magnificent robe of gold and jewels, sits upon a gilded throne, radiating an aura of majesty.
Attendants, meticulously dressed in silks and jewels, perform ritualistic dances, their movements graceful and synchronized. The scene is a powerful testament to the majesty and sophistication of the Thai court.
Comparison of Royal Ceremonies
| Type of Ceremony | Purpose | Key Elements |
|---|---|---|
| Coronation | Formal declaration of a new monarch’s reign and their authority. | Royal procession, elaborate costumes, religious rituals, symbolic objects. |
| Royal Wedding | Strengthening of alliances, introduction of royal family to the public, and reaffirmation of the royal lineage. | Lavish celebrations, processions, gifts, religious ceremonies, public displays. |
| Royal Birthday | Public display of reverence, reaffirming the monarch’s connection to the people, and a time for community celebrations. | Elaborate processions, community celebrations, royal appearances. |
Courtly Life and Customs
The Golden Court of Thailand, a dazzling spectacle of power and tradition, was more than just elaborate ceremonies. It was a meticulously structured society where every action, from the king’s daily routine to the servant’s smallest chore, was governed by a complex web of rules and customs. Understanding the daily lives, social hierarchies, and etiquette of this era provides a deeper insight into the fabric of Thai society.The court’s daily routines were carefully orchestrated, reflecting the king’s paramount position and the elaborate rituals surrounding his person.
From dawn till dusk, the court pulsed with activity, meticulously regulated by schedules designed to uphold the majesty and order of the kingdom. This meticulous organization extended to the smallest details, impacting everything from the timing of meals to the specific movements of courtiers.
Daily Life of Court Inhabitants
The lives of those within the Golden Court were tightly interwoven with the king’s schedule and the demands of the kingdom. Royalty, from the king and queen down to princes and princesses, had regimented days filled with ceremonies, audiences, and state affairs. Their lives were not private but a public spectacle, showcasing the power and authority of the kingdom.
Servants and courtiers, each with their specific roles, also followed structured routines, ensuring the smooth functioning of the court and the provision of services to the royal family. Their lives, though less ostentatious, were equally vital to the smooth operation of the court.
Social Hierarchies and Etiquette
A rigid social hierarchy defined the court, with the king at the apex and a vast network of courtiers, officials, and servants below him. Each position carried specific rights and responsibilities, dictating the manner of dress, interaction, and even the language used. Strict etiquette governed every aspect of interaction, from bowing and greetings to the use of specific titles.
The king’s position was paramount, demanding unwavering respect and adherence to elaborate protocols. Courtiers and officials were ranked according to their roles and responsibilities, and their interactions with each other and with the royal family were governed by complex rules.
Roles and Responsibilities of Court Members
The Golden Court was a highly organized system where each member played a critical role. The king, as supreme ruler, was responsible for governance, military affairs, and religious practices. Royal officials handled various administrative duties, such as tax collection, judicial matters, and foreign relations. Nobles and courtiers played significant roles in advising the king and participating in court ceremonies.
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Servants, from cooks and butlers to guards and messengers, ensured the smooth functioning of the court’s daily activities. The specific responsibilities varied depending on the position and rank of each individual.
Clothing Styles and Fashion Trends
Courtly attire reflected social status and occasion. Elaborate silk garments, embroidered with intricate designs and precious stones, were the norm for royalty and high-ranking officials. These garments were often adorned with symbolic colors and patterns, reflecting the wearer’s position and the occasion. The garments of lower-ranking courtiers and servants were less ornate, yet still followed strict codes of dress, reflecting their position in the hierarchy.
Courtly Interactions and Rules
The rules governing interactions within the Golden Court were meticulously detailed and strictly enforced. These rules dictated appropriate language, behavior, and gestures for each social level. Courtiers were expected to maintain a respectful demeanor at all times, showing deference to those of higher rank. Interactions were characterized by formalized greetings, precise postures, and carefully chosen words. Any breach of etiquette could have severe consequences, reflecting the court’s desire for order and maintaining the royal image.
Artistic and Cultural Expressions
The Golden Court of Thailand wasn’t just a center of power; it was a crucible of artistic expression. From intricate paintings to monumental sculptures and elegant literature, the court fostered a vibrant artistic scene that reflected the dynasty’s power, beliefs, and aspirations. This artistic output wasn’t merely decorative; it served as a powerful tool for conveying messages of authority, religious devotion, and cultural identity.The artistic achievements of the Golden Court profoundly shaped Thai culture and left a lasting legacy on the nation’s artistic traditions.
The court’s patronage played a pivotal role in supporting artists and artisans, driving innovation and the development of unique artistic styles. These expressions also reflected the complex interactions between the court and the wider society, demonstrating the interconnectedness of artistic creation and societal values.
Paintings
Thai court paintings, often executed on silk or paper, showcased a remarkable mastery of color and composition. They depicted scenes of courtly life, historical events, religious narratives, and landscapes. The vibrant use of color and the careful attention to detail in these paintings reveal the high level of skill and artistic refinement within the court. For example, the intricate details of court attire and the symbolic representations of power and status in portraits highlight the art’s role in conveying social hierarchy.
Sculptures
Sculptures, often made of bronze or stone, played a crucial role in religious ceremonies and the representation of royal power. These sculptures, ranging from small figurines to large temple statues, frequently depicted deities, mythical creatures, and historical figures. The meticulous craftsmanship and symbolic meaning embedded within these sculptures reflected the court’s deep-seated religious beliefs and the desire to immortalize important figures and events.
Many of these sculptures were found in temples and palaces, further emphasizing their religious and political significance.
Literature
Court literature, encompassing poems, dramas, and chronicles, offered valuable insights into the court’s culture, values, and history. These literary works often celebrated the royal lineage, documented historical events, and conveyed moral lessons. The use of poetic language and elaborate imagery in these works highlighted the sophisticated literary traditions cultivated within the court. For example, the intricate storytelling in epic poems and the elegant prose of royal chronicles demonstrate the court’s commitment to artistic expression and cultural preservation.
Themes and Motifs
Recurring themes and motifs in court art frequently reflected Buddhist beliefs, emphasizing concepts like karma, rebirth, and enlightenment. Depictions of historical events and royal figures reinforced the court’s legitimacy and power. The frequent use of symbolic imagery, such as animals or specific objects, conveyed deeper meanings and added complexity to the artistic expressions. For instance, the recurring presence of auspicious animals like elephants or lions in paintings and sculptures served as potent symbols of power and good fortune.
Influence on Thai Arts
The Golden Court’s artistic achievements had a profound influence on the development of Thai arts. The court’s patronage established standards of excellence and inspired subsequent generations of artists. The techniques and styles developed within the court were adopted and adapted by artists throughout the country, contributing to the rich tapestry of Thai artistic traditions. This influence can be seen in the continuation of similar themes, motifs, and artistic techniques in later periods of Thai art.
Role of Art in Conveying Power and Status
Art played a vital role in showcasing the power and status of the court. The scale and complexity of the artistic creations, along with the use of precious materials and intricate details, demonstrated the wealth and influence of the ruling dynasty. Portraits of monarchs and scenes depicting royal ceremonies were specifically designed to emphasize the authority and grandeur of the court.
The lavish display of artistic talent also served to impress foreign dignitaries and solidify the court’s standing on the world stage.
Comparison of Artistic Styles
Different periods within the Golden Court’s history exhibited unique artistic styles. Early periods often focused on religious themes and emphasized a more austere aesthetic, while later periods displayed a greater degree of sophistication and complexity. The influence of foreign cultures, particularly during periods of trade and interaction, also contributed to stylistic changes within the court’s artistic traditions. The shift from one period to another demonstrates the constant evolution and adaptation of artistic expression within the context of the court’s political and cultural environment.
The Golden Court’s Legacy
The Golden Court of Thailand, a period of immense cultural flourishing, left an indelible mark on Thai society. From intricate royal ceremonies to sophisticated artistic expressions, its influence continues to resonate in the nation’s identity and traditions today. This enduring legacy is not merely a historical echo; it’s a vibrant thread woven into the very fabric of modern Thai life.The court’s principles, emphasizing respect for tradition, social hierarchy, and artistic excellence, continue to shape contemporary Thai values.
These enduring ideals, while adapting to the changing times, provide a strong foundation for understanding the nation’s cultural nuances. This is particularly evident in the enduring reverence for the monarchy and the continued importance of ceremonial practices in Thai society.
Enduring Influence on Thai Culture
The Golden Court’s influence permeates various aspects of Thai culture. Its emphasis on meticulous etiquette and formal conduct has shaped social interactions and personal conduct. The court’s dedication to art and aesthetics continues to inspire contemporary Thai artists, craftsmen, and designers.
Impact on National Identity
The Golden Court played a pivotal role in forging a unified national identity. Through elaborate rituals and symbolic displays, the court fostered a sense of shared history and cultural heritage, creating a common ground for the Thai people. This shared cultural heritage continues to be a significant aspect of modern Thai identity.
Modern-Day Echoes of the Golden Court
Numerous modern-day expressions echo the Golden Court’s influence. For example, the elaborate royal ceremonies, though updated, still hold immense cultural significance and attract wide public participation. Traditional Thai dance forms, rich in history and symbolism, remain popular and are frequently performed in both cultural events and public celebrations. The exquisite craftsmanship in Thai jewelry, textiles, and other artistic endeavors draws heavily on the Golden Court’s aesthetic ideals.
Architectural Reflections
The Golden Court’s architectural legacy continues to inspire modern Thai architecture. The intricate details, ornate decorations, and symmetrical layouts, evident in many historical buildings, are often incorporated into contemporary constructions, particularly in government buildings and temples. This demonstrates a conscious effort to maintain and celebrate the aesthetic traditions of the past. The use of traditional materials like teak wood and the intricate designs of temple roofs are direct reflections of the court’s architectural principles, even in modern buildings.
Examples in Modern Thai Architecture, The golden court of thailand
Modern Thai architecture frequently incorporates elements that echo the Golden Court’s design aesthetic. Examples include the use of ornate facades, intricate carvings, and meticulously planned layouts. These elements are particularly prevalent in government buildings, cultural centers, and religious structures. The use of traditional Thai colors, like gold and deep reds, further connects these modern structures to the Golden Court’s artistic heritage.
Interactions with Other Cultures
The Golden Court of Thailand, a vibrant hub of culture and power, wasn’t isolated. Its development was profoundly shaped by interactions with neighboring regions. These exchanges fostered the exchange of ideas, goods, and technologies, enriching the court’s artistic expressions, political strategies, and societal structures. This exploration delves into the significant cultural interactions that contributed to the unique character of the Golden Court.The Golden Court’s history reveals a tapestry woven with threads of cultural exchange.
These connections weren’t merely superficial; they fundamentally impacted the court’s evolution, leading to a dynamic and diverse society. The exchange of ideas, goods, and technologies across borders led to innovative adaptations and advancements within the court.
Cultural Exchange with Neighboring Regions
The Golden Court, geographically situated in Southeast Asia, maintained extensive diplomatic and trade relationships with its neighbors. This fostered the transmission of artistic styles, religious beliefs, and practical knowledge. The interactions ranged from peaceful trade agreements to more complex political alliances, often intertwined with marriage alliances. These exchanges were crucial in shaping the cultural landscape of the court.
Examples of Cultural Exchange
- Trade Routes: The Golden Court’s location facilitated its involvement in extensive trade networks. The exchange of goods like spices, silks, and porcelain enriched the court’s material culture. The famous Silk Road, while not directly impacting the Golden Court’s geographic location, influenced trade routes and cultural exchanges that indirectly impacted the area. For instance, the transmission of Buddhist texts and artistic motifs along these routes had a significant impact on the court’s cultural development.
- Religious Influences: The adoption of Theravada Buddhism significantly impacted the court’s artistic and philosophical expressions. The court’s patronage of Buddhist monasteries and temples facilitated the development of a unique architectural and artistic style. The court’s relationship with neighboring regions with different religious traditions, like Hinduism, also impacted the cultural landscape, with influences evident in architecture and iconography.
- Artistic Exchange: The court’s artistic style was influenced by the styles of neighboring regions. For instance, the intricate patterns and motifs of textiles and ceramics reflect the influence of the court’s neighbors, showcasing the interconnectedness of Southeast Asian artistic traditions. These exchanges often resulted in unique hybrid styles, blending elements of various traditions to create something new and distinct.
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Impact on the Golden Court’s Development
The interactions with other cultures played a critical role in shaping the Golden Court’s political, economic, and social structures. The exchange of ideas and technologies led to innovation and adaptation within the court. Trade networks facilitated economic prosperity, while political alliances ensured stability and influence in the region. These interactions also facilitated the spread of knowledge and artistic styles, enriching the cultural tapestry of the Golden Court.
Timeline of Interactions
| Year | Event | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| 1200-1400 | Increased trade with Burma and China | Introduction of new goods, technologies, and artistic styles. |
| 1400-1600 | Strengthened relationships with Malay states | Exchange of religious ideas, and adoption of new administrative techniques. |
| 1600-1800 | Political alliances with Vietnam | Cultural exchange, increased trade, and shared artistic inspirations. |
Royal Power and Administration
The Golden Age of Thailand’s royal courts wasn’t just about glittering ceremonies and exquisite art; it was also a meticulously structured system of power and administration. Understanding the intricate mechanisms of governance reveals the depth and sophistication of these societies. The king, at the apex of this system, held ultimate authority, but his power wasn’t absolute; it was balanced by various officials and institutions.
This complex web of responsibilities and interactions shaped the political landscape and ensured the stability of the kingdom.The administration was not a monolithic entity; it was a dynamic system that adapted to changing circumstances. Officials held specific roles and responsibilities, each contributing to the overall functioning of the court. Sources of revenue were vital to the court’s operation, directly impacting the king’s ability to maintain his power and fund public works.
This administrative framework, while complex, was ultimately designed to maintain the stability and prosperity of the kingdom.
Structure of Royal Administration
The royal administration during the Golden Age was hierarchical, with the king at the pinnacle. Various councils and departments existed to advise the monarch and execute his orders. These included the privy council, responsible for confidential matters, and the department of finance, crucial for managing the kingdom’s resources. The hierarchical nature of the system meant that authority flowed downward from the king through a series of appointed officials.
Roles and Responsibilities of Officials
A vast array of officials played crucial roles within the court. High-ranking officials, such as the Prime Minister, held significant power and responsibility for overseeing various aspects of governance. Middle-ranking officials, like provincial governors and tax collectors, were essential for implementing policies at the local level. Lower-ranking officials, including scribes and messengers, performed essential administrative tasks. Each position had specific duties and responsibilities, reflecting the complex needs of the kingdom.
- Prime Minister: Oversaw the overall administration of the kingdom, acting as the king’s chief advisor and representative.
- Provincial Governors: Responsible for the administration of provinces, collecting taxes, and maintaining order. Their actions directly impacted the prosperity of the kingdom.
- Tax Collectors: Crucial for collecting revenue, ensuring the smooth operation of the royal court and funding public works. Efficient tax collection was essential to maintain the kingdom’s power and prosperity.
- Scribes and Messengers: Essential for record-keeping, communication, and the efficient transfer of information within the court. Their meticulous work was critical to the smooth functioning of the administrative system.
Mechanisms for Maintaining Royal Power
Several mechanisms were employed to ensure the king’s authority. Strong military forces provided protection against external threats. A well-structured bureaucracy ensured the smooth operation of the government, facilitating the efficient execution of the king’s commands. The king’s legitimacy was often reinforced through religious or cultural rituals and traditions, establishing the king as a divinely appointed ruler.
Sources of Revenue
The royal court’s income was derived from various sources. Taxation on agriculture and trade were major contributors, while royal monopolies and tribute from conquered territories also provided substantial revenue. These diverse revenue streams ensured the financial stability of the kingdom and enabled the king to maintain his power and influence.
- Agriculture Taxes: Taxes on agricultural produce were a major source of income for the royal court, directly impacting the prosperity of the kingdom.
- Trade Taxes: Taxes levied on trade activities generated significant revenue, reflecting the importance of commerce to the kingdom’s economy.
- Royal Monopolies: Control over essential resources like salt or certain goods provided a stable source of income, impacting the economic well-being of the kingdom.
- Tribute from Conquered Territories: Tribute collected from conquered regions added significantly to the royal court’s income, reflecting the strategic value of these territories.
Flowchart of Royal Administration (Simplified)
“`+—————–+| King |+—————–+| | || V |+—————–+| Privy Council |+—————–+| | || V |+—————–+| Departments || (e.g., Finance)|+—————–+| | || V |+—————–+| Officials || (e.g., PM, || Governors, etc.)|+—————–+| | || V |+—————–+| Local Officials |+—————–+“`
Ending Remarks
In conclusion, the Golden Court of Thailand stands as a testament to the rich history and cultural heritage of the nation. From its profound impact on Thai society and traditions to its enduring influence on modern-day expressions, the legacy of the Golden Court continues to resonate throughout Thailand. This exploration has unveiled the intricate details of the court’s evolution, highlighting its role in shaping the national identity and artistic achievements.
The Golden Court’s influence, evident in modern Thai architecture and traditions, reminds us of the enduring power of history.
